Doctors use the Cánnabis satíva plant or chemicals extracted from it to relieve patients’ pain or treat diseases associated with nervous system disorders.
The cannabis plant contains more than 100 different psychotropic substances – cannabinoids, which have different effects on the human body. Only two types of cannabinoids are used in medicine, two compounds – cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydro cannabidiol (THC).
Cannabidiol is not a psychotropic substance, and THC has minor “intoxicating properties”. A researcher from Harvard Medical School, Peter Greenspoon, claims that the ratio of cannabidiol to THC in cannabis plants distinguishes between medical and non-medical cannabis varieties. Plants that contain a lot of cannabidiol have almost no THC, so when using medical cannabis, patients rarely or not at all feel “intoxicated”.
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The first known written mention of the use of cannabis to relieve pain and seizures is found in 3000 BC. in ancient China. Two thousand years later, India created bhang, a drink made from marijuana and milk, which was used as an anesthetic. Ancient Indians also used hemp to treat leprosy, dysentery, and fever and improve sleep quality.
Roman medical texts dating back to the first century AD refer to the use of marijuana decoctions as a cure for “earache” and a means of “suppressing sexual desire”. The Romans used cannabis roots to treat gout, arthritis, and chronic pain.
In the 1830s, Irish physician Sir William Brooke O’Shaughnessy discovered while studying in India that cannabis extracts helped cholera patients reduce stomach pain and vomiting. After returning to Ireland, he actively promoted this method of treatment. Already in the late 19th century, cannabis extract could be purchased at any pharmacy in Europe or North America.
How and when cannabis helps
Cannabinoids in marijuana are chemically similar to natural compounds in the human body – endocannabinoids, which regulate appetite, sleep, mood, memory, and pain. Marijuana helps to improve the functioning of the human endocannabinoid system, improving the well-being and physical condition of the body.
Specialists of the Mayo Clinic note that medical cannabis can be used to alleviate the well-being of patients with the following diseases:
- Alzheimer’s disease;
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS);
- HIV / AIDS;
- Cancer;
- Severe chronic pain;
- Nausea;
- Multiple sclerosis and muscle spasms;
- Epilepsy.
Laboratory experiments
In a laboratory study of the effect of delta-9-THC – one of the main cannabinoids – on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (liver cancer), it was demonstrated that it could damage or kill tumor cells. A similar study of delta-9-THC in an animal model of liver cancer showed that it has antitumor effects. It has been demonstrated that delta-9-THC exhibits these properties by acting on molecules that are also present in non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer cells.
Similar data were obtained in laboratory studies of cannabidiol conducted on breast cancer cells with or without estrogen receptors (ER-positive/negative). Thus, it was shown that its use leads to the death of tumor cells while having only a small effect on normal breast cells. Studies on animal models of metastatic breast cancer have demonstrated that cannabinoids can reduce the intensity of tumor growth and metastasis.
Also, in a laboratory study of the effect of cannabidiol on human glioma cells, it has been shown that its use, along with chemotherapy, can increase both the effectiveness of the latter and the likelihood of tumor cell death without harming normal cells.
The term “medical marijuana” refers to Cannabis sativa plant products that are used to reduce the symptoms of specific medical ailments. Both medical cannabis and medical marijuana have similar names.
There are numerous active ingredients in cannabis sativa. Cannabidiol and delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the most well-known (CBD). The main component of marijuana that gives users a “high” is called THC.
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Cannabis sativa plant derivatives that are used to treat the symptoms of specific medical diseases are known as medicinal marijuana. The terms medical cannabis and medical marijuana are interchangeable.
Numerous energetic substances can be found in cannabis sativa. Tetrahydrocannabinol delta-9 (THC) and cannabidiol are the most popular (CBD). People get “high” from marijuana primarily because of THC. abc
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These industry pioneers have redefined the meaning of high-quality production, shaping the future of the American cannabis industry and capturing the attention of enthusiasts across the country.
Interesting article! It’s fascinating to see how medical cannabis has been used for centuries. Thinking about relaxing remedies reminds me of the simplicity and fun in io games – quick, accessible, and a good distraction. The historical uses described here, like pain relief, are quite different from the challenges we face in the digital world, but both provide a form of escape. Perhaps understanding the science behind medical cannabis is like mastering a complex io game strategy!